Kamala Harris proposes grocery price-gouging ban as part of economic platform


Dive Brief:

  • Vice President Kamala Harris promised a federal ban on food price-gouging as part of proposed economic policies she revealed in a Friday speech for her presidential campaign.
  • Harris said her “first-ever” federal ban would include “new penalties for opportunistic companies that exploit crises and break the rules.” She did not provide further details. 
  • FMI – The Food Industry Association took aim at price-gouging claims while the National Grocers Association called for stronger enforcement of the Robinson-Patman Act, an antitrust law that prohibits price discrimination in commerce.

Dive Insight:

Harris said that a grocery price-gouging ban would help the food industry become more competitive, adding that, if elected president, her administration would support smaller food businesses “that are trying to play by the rules and get ahead.”

“We all know that prices went up during the pandemic when the supply chains shut down and failed, but our supply chains have now improved and prices are still too high. … Many of the big food companies are seeing their highest profits in two decades, and while many grocery chains pass along these savings, others still aren’t,” Harris said.

In July, food-at-home prices rose at a 1.1% annual rate while inflation increased 2.9% — its lowest level on an annual basis since March 2021, according to Consumer Price Index data released Wednesday by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Even as grocery inflation has slowed in recent months, consumers have continued to worry about food costs

Harris pointed to her previous experience as California’s attorney general prosecuting companies for illegal price hikes: “So believe me, as president, I will go after the bad actors.” The grocery price-gouging ban is one of several economic policies, including increased construction of new housing, expanded child tax credits and lowered drug costs, Harris is proposing. 

The NGA, which has led a crusade against what the group says are “unfair and discriminatory tactics” by large food retailers and suppliers that hurt independent grocers, criticized Harris’ proposal

“The proposal calling for a ban on grocery price gouging is a solution in search of a problem,” NGA President and CEO Greg Ferrara said in a statement.

The NGA said that instead of proposing new legislation, the government should more strictly enforce the Robinson-Patman Act, lower swipe fees and “rein in excessive and burdensome regulations.”

Amid numerous news reports last week that Harris would share a proposed grocery price-gouging ban Friday, FMI released a statement Thursday saying there are misconceptions about food price inflation and industry practices.

“It is both inaccurate and irresponsible to conflate an illegal activity like price gouging — a defined legal term in which specific violations of trade practices law occur — with inflation, which is a broad, macroeconomic measure of increases in consumer prices over time,” FMI President and CEO Leslie G. Sarasin said in the statement.  

FMI said that food retailers’ profit margins are tight — 1.6% last year — and that the industry has worked to keep prices “as low as possible” while grappling with increased labor costs, volatile energy prices, more severe weather events, more regulations and supply chain issues. 

Earlier this year, the Federal Trade Commission released a report claiming that revenues have outpaced costs for food and beverage retailers in recent years, suggesting the grocery industry is using inflation to increase profits at the expense of consumers. The FTC also said that large grocery retailers took steps to shield their market power in the face of supply chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic that put smaller retailers at a competitive disadvantage. 

The report used publicly available data and responses the agency ordered in late 2021 from nine grocery companies, including Kroger, Walmart, Amazon and C&S Wholesale Grocers.

A White House analysis published at the start of the year found that grocers have maintained the higher profit margins they saw during the pandemic while other types of retailers, like apparel stores, have seen margins slump. 



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ClassNK grants world’s first MRS accreditation to ammonia-fuelled gas carrier


ClassNK will grant the world’s first accreditation for “Machinery Room Safety for Ammonia” (MRS) to the ammonia-fueled medium gas carrier (AFMGC) currently being developed by a consortium that includes Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (NYK) and Nihon Shipyard (NSY).

The MRS classification notation signifies that a ship is equipped with exceptional safety measures for ammonia in its machinery room, ensuring compliance with the highest safety standards outlined in the guidelines for ammonia-fueled ships.

The consortium, to which NYK and NSY belong, is targeting the delivery of the AFMGC by the end of November 2026. The vessel’s development is part of the Green Innovation Fund Project, spearheaded by Japan’s New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).

One of the major challenges in the ship’s design is mitigating the risks posed by ammonia’s toxicity in the machinery room. Critical safety measures, such as designs to prevent ammonia leaks from piping and tanks, are essential for crew safety.

To address these challenges, the consortium has conducted risk assessments, reviewed by ClassNK, as well as user-focused risk evaluations and safety measures led by NYK’s engineers.

Additionally, the ship’s specifications have been studied to achieve the highest safety standards worldwide.

The guidelines for ammonia-fueled ships issued by ClassNK regulate the minimum design requirements for the safe use of ammonia onboard. To obtain MRS notation, a ship must meet the optional functional requirement to minimize crew exposure to ammonia leaks in the machinery room. This notation is awarded only to vessels that fulfil this requirement and ensure the highest level of safety.

The consortium continues to develop the vessel, create operation manuals for real-world use, and aim for delivery by November 2026.

Furthermore, the consortium is committed to enhancing safety for ammonia-fueled ships through technical expertise and achievements, including MRS accreditation, in collaboration with its members.




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Kroger says FTC’s effort to block merger with Albertsons is unconstitutional


Dive Brief:

  • Kroger announced Monday it filed a motion in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio to enjoin the Federal Trade Commission’s administrative proceeding challenging its proposed merger with Albertsons.
  • Kroger claims that it is unconstitutional for the agency to proceed with both its in-house tribunal and its separate federal lawsuit against the mega-deal.
  • “[The] FTC has sought to split its challenge to the merger into two separate tribunals in an inappropriate attempt to receive multiple opportunities to litigate the same issues,” Kroger said in the statement. 

Dive Insight:

Kroger’s move to block the FTC’s administrative challenge to the merger adds a new dimension to its complex and multipronged effort to push the controversial transaction through in the face of intense opposition from federal regulators, state legal officials, labor organizations and other opponents.

In its motion, filed in a federal court that includes Kroger’s hometown of Cincinnati — the retailer claims that the FTC is acting in violation of the Constitution for two central reasons.

First, Kroger said that the FTC’s use of an administrative law judge to hear the case is improper because the president of the United States cannot remove the judge. Second, Kroger said the FTC is at odds with a Constitutional standard that says the judiciary, not the executive branch, is responsible for adjudicating its private rights to contract with another private party.

Kroger also said that the FTC wants to block the merger for the duration of the administrative hearing, which the company said could last for several years.

An FTC spokesperson declined to comment on Kroger’s motion.

Kroger said both its claims are supported by Supreme Court decisions, adding that it is looking forward to fighting the FTC’s request for a court to block the merger during a legal proceeding due to begin next week in the U.S. District Court for the District of Oregon in Portland.

“We stand prepared to defend this merger in the upcoming trial in federal court — the appropriate venue for this matter to be heard — and we are asking the Court to halt what amounts to an unlawful proceeding before the FTC’s own in-house tribunal,” Kroger Chairman and CEO Rodney McMullen said in a statement.

In addition to the federal case Kroger faces, the attorneys general for the states of Colorado and Washington have each lodged lawsuits seeking to block the deal. Last month, a Colorado judge issued an order temporarily blocking the deal and granting the state’s request for a preliminary injunction. The grocery giants agreed to not consummate their merger until the state court rules on that case. 

Kroger said in a recent emailed statement that combining with Albertsons would offer “lower prices and more choices for more customers in more communities, long-term job security, higher wages and more industry-leading benefits for associates, and a strong unionized workforce.”

Kroger said last week that it plans to invest $1 billion in price cuts if it completes the merger — double the amount of its previous pledge — and McMullen reiterated the company’s claim that the merger would be good for consumers and workers in Kroger’s announcement on Monday.



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Standard Chartered announces USD235 million green loan financing for USA solar module manufacturing plant


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7 August, New York, USA – Standard Chartered announces the successful closing of a six-year USD235 million non-recourse senior secured term green loan facility to fund the development, construction, and operation of a 1.35 million square foot solar photovoltaic manufacturing plant in Wilmer, Texas, USA, for Trinasolar, a leading global renewable company.

Standard Chartered was the sole lead structuring bank and bookrunner for the financing and acted as Green Loan Coordinator, as well as a Joint Lead Arranger, Lender, and Hedge Counterparty. The transaction is one of the first solar panel manufacturing facilities to be financed on a non-recourse basis in the USA.

The new manufacturing plant will include seven solar photovoltaic panel assembly lines producing three types of solar modules for utility-scale, commercial and industrial, and residential-scale solar with a total output of 5.0 GWdc per year. This project helps improve the country’s renewable energy mix and transition to cleaner energy and, once fully operational, will bring 1,500 new local jobs.

Jerry Sen Wu, Group CFO, Trinasolar said: “We are delighted to announce the successful signing and funding of our first syndicated projected financing with Standard Chartered, marking the first non-recourse syndicated project financing in the United States raised by a PV module manufacturer and renewable enterprise. We extend our heartfelt appreciation to Standard Chartered and all our banking partners for their unwavering support in our mission to bring “Solar Energy for All,” lead industry innovation, and uphold environmental protection as a core aspect of our corporate social responsibility.”

Sridhar Nagarajan, Regional Head, Project Export Finance, Europe and Americas, Standard Chartered said: “Trinasolar is a longstanding client, and we are delighted to assist them again in this new green project financing. In addition to boosting job creation locally in Texas, this new state-of-the-art solar panel plant will strengthen Trinasolar US’s leading position in the local solar market. We are proud to have played a key role in this project which allows us to bring to life our commitment to working with clients towards net zero using our ability to provide comprehensive, innovative, and bespoke sustainable financing solutions.” 

This financing follows a USD250 million[1] Syndicated Green Loan for Trinasolar in 2022, for which Standard Chartered was the Sole Mandated Lead Arranger, Bookrunner and Green Loan Coordinator. The loan was used for electricity generation using solar photovoltaic technology.



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Nestle hires deputy head of operations



VEVEY, SWITZERLAND — Stephanie Pullings Hart has been named deputy head of operations at Nestle SA, effective July 1. She will succeed Magdi Batato, who will retire after a 30-plus-year career at Nestle.

Pullings Hart is currently senior vice president of operations at Warby Parker, where she is responsible for manufacturing, supply chain and customer experience. Prior to Warby Parker, she was senior vice president of global operations for Beyond Meat. 

Earlier, she was with Nestle for 23 years, with roles of increasing responsibility in manufacturing, factory management, supply chain, research and development and human resources. She worked in several of the company’s businesses and across multiple continents.

Pullings Hart will officially take over as head of operations and join the executive board on Jan. 1, 2024. Also at that time, Batato will retire. During his Nestle career, Batato has held various roles across three different continents. He currently is responsible for the operations of hundreds of Nestle facilities across the world and oversees the company’s procurement and logistics areas while also leading Nestle’s sustainability efforts.

“On behalf of our board of directors and our executive board, I would like to extend a heartfelt thanks to Magdi for his many contributions to Nestle,” said Mark Schneider, chief executive officer. “We wish him all the best for this next chapter. At the same time, we are delighted that Stephanie is returning to Nestle. With her appointment, we are gaining a highly qualified leader with extensive experience across all areas of operations, and a proven track record in growing businesses. Her highly entrepreneurial and digital experience combined with her knowledge of Nestle make her the ideal leader to take us forward.”



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Midan Marketing sees 2024 as the ‘Year of Pork’



KANSAS CITY, MO.— Consumers — especially younger ones — are seeking bold and more globally-inspired flavors, while still being convenient, and those trends are driving the pork industry in 2024.

Patrick Fleming, Midan Marketing’s brand specialist for pork, says that 2024 should be the “Year of Pork.”

“Pork has some really nice strategic advantages against some of its competitive proteins,” he said. “Pork has availability and it’s expected to grow at about 1%. Pork has not been inflationary this year as the other proteins, so it has a true value proposition.”

What makes pork shine is its incredible versatility. Pork producers offer a wide range of convenient cuts, making it a budget-friendly protein option that adapts to any meal.

In fact, recent research by the National Pork Board has shown there is a world of flavor in pork, providing over 110 unique flavor nuances. Pork’s naturally delicious taste can be further accentuated by endless marinades, rubs, sauces, and cooking methods.

Mia Newman, director of channel marketing for the National Pork Board, notes consumers are also increasingly seeking out healthy and globally inspired whole food options and supermarkets can capitalize on this trend by highlighting the versatility and nutritional value that lean pork offers.

“Today’s pork, with about 16% less fat and 27% less saturated fat compared to 30 years ago, aligns well with health-conscious consumers’ preferences for heart-healthy protein sources,” she said. “In fact, eight cuts of pork currently meet USDA’s guidelines for ‘lean’ cuts, meaning they contain less than 10 grams of fat per 3-oz serving. We’ve seen an increase in Asian and Hispanic inspired pre-marinated cuts from our packer community, suggesting unique recipe ideas for familiar cuts can cater to the adventurous tastes of modern eaters, while also promoting pork’s nutritional benefits.”

The bottom line: pork provides a lean alternative to chicken that is flavorful and versatile, making it popular with most consumers.

“Shoppers continue to look for convenience in home meal preparation, and when it comes to meats, value-added products are a popular way of bringing variety to the home menu while also saving a lot of time on the prep side,” said Ryan Barnett, market insights manager for Seaboard Foods, which manufacturers Prairie Fresh pork products.

Household penetration of meat is still at 98% even with inflation being top of mind with the shopper. Inflationary pricing on meats, and pork in particular, has actually been lower on a percentage basis than the overall store.

“Despite this, pork sales are strong when compared with historic levels, as shoppers are still seeing that pork provides the value, taste and health benefits they want to include in their meals they serve to their families,” Barnett said.

Following the trends

Smithfield evaluates trends and flavors to work to meet the expectations of consumers within the fresh pork category and has found that bold flavors and convenience are what people are looking for.

“Smithfield’s marinated fresh pork has become increasingly popular,” said Stephanie Kensicki, senior director of marketing for the Smithfield, Va.-based company. “The flavors, convenience and versatility of the products provide consumers with easy meal solutions, such as turning a marinated roast into carnitas, or a small loin into stir-fry.” Additionally, many consumers and retailers have expressed an interest in more sustainable packaging, and Smithfield is on track to achieve 90% recycle-ready, reusable or industrially compostable packaging by 2030.

Fleming sees all pork segments rising in 2024, including ham, sausage, bacon and pork shoulder and loins seeing strong growth heading towards spring.

“We’ve really seen growth across the pig,” Fleming said. “It’s really driven by the value flavor proposition that pork offers.”

Marketing measures

Promotion is important to pork, Fleming said, because the segment tends to be more of a planned purchase.

“Consumers usually know when they are buying pork what they are doing with it. Pork needs a nudge and needs to be brought up so it’s top of mind.”

Driving demand for pork is an ongoing priority for every facet of the National Pork Board.

“We developed marketing platforms centering around our Hispanic and Black or African American consumers who we know have a high affinity towards pork due to strong cultural relevance,” Newman said. “We lean into those cultural nuances and highlight the areas where pork can play an integral role in meals and social occasions.”

For instance, Ponle Pork is a strategic platform introduced for the Hispanic audience and aimed at positioning pork as the go-to protein that adds to meals, traditions, routines, and nutritious lifestyles.

“We understand the Hispanic consumer base has a high affinity for plants and greens and the addition of pork can elevate those meals,” Newman said, adding that supermarkets that market this platform have found big success. “Placing pork in culturally relevant context while messaging around the flavor and nutrition of pork has proven to be a winning formula with this audience.”

Seaboard Foods is seeing success in emphasizing pork’s versatility and the variety of ways one can prepare a nutritious and protein rich pork dish.

“We’re trying to help educate consumers on how to pick the best cut of pork by working with chefs and pitmaster ambassadors who have cultivated careers on choosing the best cuts of meat,” Barnett said. “They not only share their own recipes and pork preparation, but they share tips on what they look for when browsing the meat case for their own meals.”

Additionally, emphasizing the health attributes, like high protein content, that pork provides is one way to draw consumers in.

“Cross merchandizing with the products that round out a dish is another key way to help consumers envision what their meal will look like,” Barnett said.

Recipes and meal inspiration has been at the forefront of consumer education for Smithfield to bring high-quality pork as a center-of-the-plate protein or quick addition to enhance a dish.

“The versatility of the Smithfield marinated line aids in consumer confidence while creating their favorite meals,” Kensicki said.

Display tactics

Within the perimeter of retailers, specific sections for proteins have been developed. However, more recently, stores have been diversifying sections to create a collection of offering based on the cut instead of the protein, for instance, moving all ground meat — beef, turkey and pork — together for consumers to easily decide based on their meal plans.

“Pork gets its most energy when it’s all together,” Fleming said. “Merchandising it together is incredibly good. This time of year, rib displays are critical because we are heading into the heavy rib season.”

Supermarket shelves can be transformed into engaging destinations for pork with a focus on variety and education, according to the National Pork Board.

“Offering a range of cuts caters to diverse needs and preferences is key,” Newman said. “Retail shelves should display various pack sizes and packaging formats that will suit a variety of consumer needs. Each store should understand who their shoppers are and what they want to customize the product assortment and pack size and formats to them.”

She added that it’s important to tell the story of pork by including meaningful signage that not only educates shoppers but also guides and inspires them to try new recipes.

“Highlighting the surprising leanness of many pork cuts—some can be as lean as skinless chicken breast — through clear labeling empowers curious home cooks,” Newman said. “This approach is further enhanced by showcasing recipe inspiration and pairing pork with complementary ingredients like vegetables, fruits, or seasonings. This not only educates consumers about pork’s versatility but also sparks meal planning ideas.”

Finally, clear labeling with information on cuts, safe cooking methods, and nutritional content adds another layer of confidence, allowing consumers to make informed choices. “By creating engaging and informative displays, supermarkets can enhance the shopping experience and drive sales of pork products,” Newman said.

Packaging patterns

Prairie Fresh designs packaging with consumer wants and needs in mind, utilizing clear packaging to better showcase the spices and marinades that encompass a pre-seasoned cut of pork.

“With images of finished product right on the label, customers will see what their pork can look like, enabling them to shop with confidence,” Barnett said. “While bold colors and graphics are crucial to catching the eye, being able to give the consumer a clear picture of what the end-product looks like is important.”

Today’s consumers are increasingly drawn to pork due to its taste, nutrient-rich profile, lean fat content, versatility in culinary applications, and sustainability credentials, and it’s no surprise that the category is booming.

“In the past year, the pork category has displayed robust performance, with supply expected to surpass levels from the previous year, particularly in the summer and fall seasons,” Newman said. 

“Market forecasts indicate a steady increase in pork supply, driven by strong demand both domestically and in export markets. Futures markets have responded positively to this outlook, with prices reaching new highs.”

This article is an excerpt from the June 2024 issue of sister publication Supermarket Perimeter. You can read the entire Pork Trends feature and more in the digital edition here.



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Study finds correlation between sweetener, higher heart disease risk



CLEVELAND — A study published June 6 in the European Heart Journal finds an association between consuming the sweetener xylitol and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease.

A research team led by Stanley Hazen, MD, PhD, director of Cleveland Clinic’s Center for Microbiome and Human Health, identified a higher three-year risk of cardiovascular events in an analysis of over 3,000 patients in the United States and Europe. The third of patients with the highest amount of xylitol circulating in their plasma were more likely to experience a cardiovascular event.

“This study again shows the immediate need for investigating sugar alcohols and artificial sweeteners, especially as they continue to be recommended in combating conditions like obesity or diabetes,” Hazen said. “It does not mean throw out your toothpaste if it has xylitol in it, but we should be aware that consumption of a product containing high levels could increase the risk of blood clot-related events.”

Xylitol, a polyol/sugar alcohol, is found in sugar-free candy, low-sugar baked foods and oral products like toothpaste, according to the Cleveland Clinic. The sweetness of xylitol is similar to the sweetness of sucrose, but it has 2.4 calories per gram compared to 4 calories per gram for sucrose.

The US Food and Drug Administration considers xylitol to be Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS). The European Union allows the use of xylitol but assigns it an E-number: E967.

“The results of this study are contrary to decades of scientific evidence substantiating the safety and efficacy of low-calorie sweeteners such as xylitol by global health and regulatory ‎agencies,” said Carla Saunders, president of the Calorie Control Council, an international association representing the low- and reduced-calorie food and beverage industry. “While the authors used multiple methods, it should be noted that the findings are limited in their ability to establish association only. Further, one phase of the study included individuals who were already at increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events.‎

“These findings are a disservice to those who rely on alternative sweeteners as a tool to improve their health. Xylitol has been trusted as a great tasting, low-calorie sweetener for over 60 years.”



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Inulin Packs Nutritional Punch for Bakery, Snacks



By now it’s no secret that grocery shoppers are increasingly making food purchase decisions based upon an item’s perceived health benefits. In fact, 55 percent of U.S. consumers are seeking information on the value of foods and almost half are comparing labels to select the most nutritious options. [1]

Chief among the most sought-after nutrients is fiber. Decades of research has shown that fiber leads to numerous positive outcomes including decreased chronic disease, increased longevity and improved gut health. [2] Yet the story remains the same: most people aren’t getting nearly enough. Americans get about 15 grams daily, compared to the 25-35 grams of fiber needed for children and adults. [3] 

Bakery and snacks have long been strong categories for fiber-enhanced products. In the baking category in particular, there has been recent movement away from traditional fiber-rich ingredients and toward isolated fibers, such as inulin. [4] 

Recognized for its prebiotic benefits, inulin is well-established in the market and is among the fastest-growing prebiotic fiber ingredients. [5] And for good reason. As a functional nutritional ingredient, inulin acts as a growth factor for gut microbiota, improves digestion, improves mineral solubility and absorption, and decreases glucose uptake. [6]

Inulin is derived from agave, chicory root, beets, among other plant-based sources. It is a non-digestible, longer-chain carbohydrate that offers developers various functional properties, including fiber, sugar reduction, fat replacement (up to 50 percent), sweetener texturizer and humectant. Notably, inulin’s sweetness has anywhere from 30-50 percent of the sweetness of table sugar. This means inulin can be increased for higher fiber content without negatively impacting flavor. [7] 

 “As the market for inulin continues to grow, bakery and snack brands have a unique opportunity to educate consumers about how this bioactive, powerhouse ingredient can help them meet their daily fiber intake and other health goals,” said Tonya Lofgren, product manager for CIRANDA, the premiere North American provider of certified organic, non‐GMO and fair‐trade food ingredients.

To meet growing demand for inulin, CIRANDA offers Organic Agave Inulin, which is non-GMO and kosher. 

CIRANDA’S Organic Agave Inulin comes from the Agave tequilana var. weber plant — a plant that naturally contains a high concentration of inulin fructans. It is extracted from the agave pina with water, filtered to purify, and spray-dried. It is an odorless, clean tasting, mildly sweet white powder that is highly soluble in liquid. It can be used in bakery applications such as cereal and granola bars, energy balls, cookies, and baking mixes.

“Our expert technicians work with brands to effectively formulate products with inulin to meet a brand’s quality, nutrition, taste and clean-label goals,” said Lofgren. “Our agave inulin delivers on taste and texture, while also satisfying the health-conscious consumer’s desire for more fiber and reduced-sugar options.”

Agave inulin has natural water-absorption properties. It is an excellent alternative to other commercial inulin sources, such as chicory. Compared to inulin from chicory, agave inulin has more branched chains versus straight chains. These branched chains make it very soluble in cold water and enhance its functional characteristics. It acts as a fat mimetic to improve the texture and mouthfeel in reduced sugar or reduced fat applications.

“CIRANDA has decades of experience in organic agriculture, sustainable food systems and technical applications,” said Lofgren. “We look forward to helping more product developers in the bakery and snack category offer their customers the functional health benefits of inulin.” 

For more information about CIRANDA’s ingredient options, please visit www.ciranda.com.

 

[1] “Ingredient Insider: Now & Next for Fiber & Prebiotic – US,” Innova Market Insights, March 2024

[2] Alice Callahan, ” You Probably Aren’t Getting Enough Fiber,” New York Times, Aug. 14, 2023 (https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/14/well/eat/fiber-diet.html?searchResultPosition=2)

[3] “The Nutrition Source,” Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. (https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/carbohydrates/fiber/#:~:text=Fiber%20helps%20regulate%20the%20body’s,vegetables%2C%20legumes%2C%20and%20nuts)

[4] “Ingredient Insider: Now & Next for Fiber & Prebiotic – US,” Innova Market Insights, March 2024

[5] “Ingredient Insider: Now & Next for Fiber & Prebiotic – US,” Innova Market Insights, March 2024

[6] Ankan Kheto, Yograj Bist, Anchal Awana, Samandeep Kaur, Yogesh Kumar, Rachna Sehrawat, Utilization of inulin as a functional ingredient in food: Processing, physicochemical characteristics, food applications, and future research directions, Food Chemistry Advances, Volume 3, 2023. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X23002642)

[7] Ankan Kheto, Yograj Bist, Anchal Awana, Samandeep Kaur, Yogesh Kumar, Rachna Sehrawat, Utilization of inulin as a functional ingredient in food: Processing, physicochemical characteristics, food applications, and future research directions, Food Chemistry Advances, Volume 3, 2023. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X23002642)



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